The question of which type(s) of learning would best characterize the cognitive processes at play in an informal second language learning (ISLL) context has not yet been thoroughly explored. This talk provides an overview of four different types of learning (explicit, implicit, incidental and intentional) and subsequently aims to situate some of the main varieties of ISLL (Extramural English, Online Informal Learning of English, out-of-class language learning, et al.) amongst them.
A growing body of research on informal second language learning (ISLL) has shown that non-native English speakers in various corners of the world learn English via participation in online leisure activities such as television and video watching, playing video games or interacting on social media (Sockett, 2014; Kusyk, 2017; Cole & Vanderplank, 2016; Sundqvist, 2009; Sundqvist & Sylvén 2016). During these usage events attention is primarily focused on meaning (rather than form) and often there is no intention to learn formal aspects of the language. At the same time, non-native speakers may be aware of the positive impact that informal activities can have on their L2 and may express a desire for their L2 skills to improve as a "by-product" of participation (Kusyk, 2017). The question of which type(s) of learning would best characterize the cognitive processes at play in an ISLL context has not yet been thoroughly explored. The lack of intention to learn and the focus on meaning would seem to indicate that implicit learning is taking place, though the awareness of linguistic progress and a (peripheral) desire to improve suggest that explicit aspects also play a role. Drawing on current literature in the field, this talk examines different strands of informal learning and situates them within the explicit-implicit & incidental-intentional learning discussion.
